Paper pulp beating machine, hollander, refiner, and the like



March 15, 1932. c. D. SHELDON PAPER PULP BEATING MACHINE, HOLLANDER, REFINER, AND THE LIKE 5 Sheets-Shet Filed Dec. 5, 1929 INVFNTOB C .D.SHELDON ATTIS March 15, 1932. c. D. SHELDON 1,849,556 PAPER PULP BEATING MACHINE, HOLLANDER, REFINER, AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 3, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 UWEN'TOR. I C .D.SHEIDON' ATTIS March 15, 1932.

c.. D. SHELDON PAPER PULP HEATING MACHINE, HOLLANDER, REFINER, AND THE LIKE s Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 5, 1929 ltd Patented Maw, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CLIFFORD DOMHETT SH ELDON, 01 LONDON, ENGLAND PAPER PULP BEA'IIN' G MACHINE, HOLLANDER, BEFIN'EB, AND THE LIKE Applicatioh filed December 3, 1929, Serial No. 411,841,

This invention relates to machines employed for beating, dividing or reducing fibrous materials used in the manufacture of paper, cardboard and the like.

The types of machine to which this in.- vention refers embody essentially a revoluble member provided with blades, ribs or cutting edges, and a block or plate or in some cases a casing similarly furnished with blades, ribs or cutting edges co-operating with those on the revoluble member to beat, triturate, divide or reduce the material which is caused to pass between them. In the case of beaters or hollanders, sometimes termed rag engines, the revoluble member usually takes the form of a cylindrical drum with the blades or ribs disposed longitudinally around its peripheral surface, the block ,or plate being mounted closely adjacent said peripheral surface, and means usually being provided for relative adjustment to enable the gap between the plate and the drum to be varied. v y

In the case of refiners the revoluble member is usually of truncated conical form and revolves inside a conical casing the internal surface of which is provided with the cutting blades or ribs co-operating with those on the revoluble member, relative adjustment being obtained by moving either the revoluble member or the casing axially.

Now the effectiveness of all these machines is improved if the co-operating cutting surfaces possess a certain amount of automatic relative adjustability to deal with varying thickness density or resistance of the material passing between them, and with this object in view it has already been proposed to mountthe block or plate on arms or brackets turning about pivots off-set from the plate in suchwise' that the latter can move bodily towards and away from the periphery of the drum, the bearing pressure bein regulated by springs or counterbalance weights.

I have found however that an improved effeet is obtained by mounting the plate ,so that it is capable of an automatic rockingmovement in addition to theprovision for bodily adjustment with relation to the drum or revoluble member. This automatic rock- .convenient system of links or levers may and in Great Britain December 8, .1928.

plate is mounted so as to be capable of rocking movement about an axis or axes lying within the angle subtended by the plate at the axis of the drum or revoluble member, and substantially parallel with the working surface of. said drum or revoluble member. 05 The location of the axis or axes may vary according to the eflf'ect which it is desired to obtain. The plate may for instance be pivoted to rock about an axis at right angles to a radius passin through the centre of the plate so that the latter rocks equally in both directions or the axis may be ofi-set in either side of this radius so long as it is within the area defined above.

Further, the plate may be pivoted direct- 1y to some fixed part of the machine, or alga employed provided always that the virtual axis a out which the plate rocks is within the area defined above.

Springs or flexible material may be arranged on one or both sides of or/and underneath the plate to cushion or restrict its movement, and bodily adjustment of the plate is provided for in the known or any suitable manner, to enable the gap to be adjusted.

The above description is concerned more particularly with hollanders or other types of heaters in which a single plate is employed, but if desired I may employ a plurality of such plates arranged and mounted according to the present invention in any appropriate positions around the circumfermade up of or support'a number of separate plates each or any desired number of which are mounted to rock in accordance with the present invention.

In order that the present invention may be readily understood and carried into practice several forms of construction embodying the same will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a known.

type of beating machine showing one way of mounting the plate in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of another type of beating machine in which the plate is mounted below the drum.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are detail views showing alternative methods of mounting the plate.

Fig. 6 is longitudinal section of a refiner showing one application of the present invention thereto, and

Fig. 7 is a cross sectional view on the line 77 Fig. 6, both Figs. 6 and 7 being to a large extent diagrammatic in character.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1:

Mounted in the known manner in the fixed frame of the machine is a rotatable drum A turning about an axis X and rovided, also in the known way, with a ibngitudinall disposed cutting blades B which althoug shown in detail over a part only of the periphery of the drum, extend over the whole peripheral surface thereof. Co-operating with these blades B is a set of blades hereinafter referred to as the plate C secured in a carrier C The carrier and plate are pivotally and freely supported at D in the lower ends of a pair of links E which are pivoted at their upper ends F to the fixed frame of the machine.

The adjustment of the plate C in relation to the blades B is effected by means of the device shown in broken lines in Fi 1. This comprises a screw-threaded arm pivotally attached to the back of the carrier C and provided with a member Gr positioned on the arm G by nuts G The member G is keyed to a cross shaft Gr rockingl mounted in the frame of the machine an connected by a lever G, a rod G and a crank G to a beam Gr rockingly mounted at G in the frame of the machine.

The beam GT is furnished with rack teeth along which a weight G can be moved by a pinion and handwheel G to vary the load on the plate C.

Since Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the machine, these adjusting means are shown in broken lines, to indicate their osition and arrangement but they should be understood to be on the side of the machine which has been sectioned away i. e. the side in which the drum etc. are located.

It will be observed that the pivots F permit of bodil adjustment of t e late G and carrier 1 towards and away rom the periphery of the drum A while the pivots D permit the plate to rock about an axis which is within the angle Y-XZ subtended b the plate C at the axis X of the drum so t at the plate may rock relatively to the blades 13 to adjust itself to some extent to variations in the thickness or density and resistance of the material passing through and control the relative pressures applied at different areas in the breadth of the plate, depending on the position of the axis about which the plate rocks. In the example shown, rubber or the like resilient blocks H are provided at each end of the plate C to give a cushioning effect, but these are not essential and may be dispensed with if desired.

The machine being of a known type. a short description of its operation will sufiice.

The fibrous'material in a wet pulpy state passes up between the cutting blades B and C and falls over a weir J passing thence in the direction of the arrows around the inclined trough K at the back of the machine remote from the observer and finally arriving back at the drum A, the pulp being kept in continuous motion until it is reduced or beaten to the desired degree.

In Fig. 2, a somewhat different type of machine is shown. The pulp in this case travels' round the trough in the direction indicated by the arrows and asses between the blades B and the plate C supported in a carrier C which is rockingly mounted at L in the angle subtended by the plate C at the axis X of the drum. In this case also rubber or the like resilient blocks H are provided at each end of the late C. Bodily adjustment of the plate in relation to the drum A is provided by known means (not shown) the late and carrier moving radially to the drum A in guides, or the drum being adjustable relatively to the plate in the known manner.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show alternative methods of mounting agplicable to the type of machine shown in ig. 1.

In Fig. 3 the plate C is mounted in a rubber or the like resilient support M carried on a plate M which in turn is pivoted at M in the carrier N. The latter is pivoted at O to the fixed frame of the machine to allow for bodily adjustment of the carrier N towards and away from the drum A.

In Fig. 4 the blades C" are secured to a plate P mounted in the carrier N against com ression springs Q, rubber or the like bloc s R being provided at each end of the set of blades C". The carrier N is pivoted at C to the fixed frame of the machine as in Fig. 3.

In Fig. 5 rocking movement of the blades C" is rovided for by mounting them on a curve late S lyin in a similarly curved recess in t e carrier the resilient cushions R being arranged at each end of the set of.

blades as before to allow sliding motion of the plate S in the recess.

It will be observed that in all cases the arrangement is such that the plate is mounted to rock about an axis which is within the angle Y--XZ subtended by the plate at the axis of the drum thereby providing for automatic adjustment of the relative pressures of different parts of the plate on the material passing through.

Referring now to Figs. 6 and 7 which illustrate one up lication of the present invention to a re nor of a known type. This machine comprises a truncated conical casing 10 into one end 11 of which the pulp or the like is fed. Mounted on a shaft 12 within the casing is a revoluble member 13 of truncated conical form provided over the whole of its surface with blades, ribs or cutting elements 14. Co-operating with these elements 1a is a series of plates 15 consisting of blades, ribs or the like secured in carriers 16 disposed around the revoluble member 13 and pivoted at 16 to the casing 10, the ivot in each case lying within an angle Y-- Z subtendw by the respective plate at the axis of the revoluble member 13, thus providing in the case of. each plate for automatic adjustment of the relative pressures of ditlerent arts of the plate on the material passing through.

In a refiner of this type, the material enter-in at it passes lengthwise through the casing etween the blades or like elements it and the plates 15 and is delivered through aperture 17 in the other end of the casing. The shaft 12 is driven by the belt and pulley i8,- and relative adjustment of the blades 14 and the plate 15 is provided in the known manner by moving either the revoluble memher it or the casing 10 axially. As these adjnsting means are well known in this type of machine, they are not shown on the drawings. Although the axes of the pivots 16 about which the plates 15 rock are shown lid as located on radii passing through the centres of the plates 15, the said axes may be otherwise located so long as they lie within the, angle Y-XZ for each plate.

Although the beating, cutting or reducing members have been designated in the foregoin description and the appended claims as b ades,.th1s latter expresslon is to be understood as including ribs, corrugations or any other devices now used in machines of this type, or suitable for the purpose in view.

What I claim is 1. In a pulp beating engine, the combination of a grinding drum revolubly mounted in fixed bearings, a blade carrying plate cooperating with said drum and mounted to rock freely about an axis parallel to the working surface of the said drum, said axis lying within the angle subtended by the working face of the plate at the axis means for moving and away from the 2. In a tion of a in fixed bearings, a blade carrying plate cooperating with said drum, a movable carrier for the plate, links swingingly mounted to the fixed frame of the machine and supporting the said carrier pivotally about an axis parallel to the working surface of the drum, said axis 1 ing within the angle subtended by the working face of the plate at the axis of the drum, and means for moving the said carrier bodily towards and away from the said drum.

of the drum, and the plate bodily towards drum.

pulp beating engine, the combina 3. In a pulp beating engine, the combina-- tion of a grinding drum revolubly mounted in fixed bearings, a blade carrying plate cooperating therewith, a movable carrier for the plate, links swingingly mounted in the grinding drum revolubly mounted operating therewith, and situated below the said drum, a movable carrier for the plate rockably mounted about an axis parallel to the working surface of the drum, said axis lying within the angle subtended by the workingface of the plate at the center of the drum, means for moving the carrier bodily towards and away from the drum and damping means for cushioning the rocking movement of the carrier.

5. In a pulp beating engine, the combina tion of a rinding drum revolubly mounted in movable bearings, a co-operating blade carrying plate located below the drum and mounted in fixed bearings so as to rock about an axis parallel to the working surface of the drum, said axis lying within the angle subtended by the working face of the plate at the axis of the drum, resilient means for cushioning the rocking movement of the plate and means for moving the bearings of the drum towards and away from the plate.

6. In a pulp beating engine, the combination of a grinding drum revolubly mounted the working surface of the drum, said axis lyin within the angle subtended by the working ace of the plate at the axis of the drum.

7. In a pulp beating engine, the combination of a grinding drum revolubly mounted in fixed bearings, a co-operating blade carrying plate, a carrier for the plate swi-ngingly mounted in the fixed frame of the machine so as to allow the plate to move bodily towards or away from the drum, a plate supporting member pivotally mounted in the carrier about an axis parallel to the working surface of the drum, said axis 1 ing within the angle subtended by the working face of the plate, at the axis of the drum and resilient and cushioning means carried by the plate supporting member and supportin the plate.

8. In a refiner for reducing fibrous materials for the manufacture of paper, cardboard, and the like, the combination of a truncated conical casing adapted for the entry of the material to be treated at one end thereof and the discharge of the material at the other end thereof, a truncated conical grinding drum revolubly mounted in bearings in the ends of the casing and arranged to have some degree of axial movement relatively to the casing, a plurality of co-operating blade carrying plates surrounding the drum and carriers for the plates rockably mounted in the casing about axes parallel to the Working surface of the drum, said axes 1 ing within-the angles subtended by the working faces of the respective plates at the axis of the drum.

9. A refiner in accordance with claim 8 and including cushioning means interposed between the plates and their respective carriers.

CLIFFORD DOMMETT SHELDON. 

